In northern Chile lies a place that scientists compare to the surface of Mars. The Atacama Desert is the driest desert in the world and a place where astronomers observe distant galaxies and biologists discover organisms surviving in extreme conditions. From salt flats to geysers to high-altitude lakes—this desert offers breathtaking views. Come with us to explore a place where some areas haven't seen rain for centuries.
A Land Thirsting for a Drop of Rain
The Atacama Desert stretches over 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) along the coast of Chile. It is the driest desert on the planet, with an average annual rainfall of just 1 millimeter (0.04 inches). In some areas, meteorologists have not recorded measurable rain for over 500 years. It was formed due to a unique combination of natural forces—the cold Humboldt Current along the coast prevents precipitation, while the Andes to the east capture all the moisture coming from the Amazon. If you want to visit the Atacama Desert and other places in Chile, you'll find great tips here: https://www.nextleveloftravel.com/chile/.
Laboratory Under the Stars
The extremely dry climate and high altitude create ideal conditions for astronomical observations. The Atacama Desert's high plateaus host the highest concentration of observatories in the world. Among the most notable is the ALMA Observatory—a system of 66 radio telescopes that together form the largest astronomical project on Earth. The clear sky, free from light pollution, offers a view of the starry sky like no other in inhabited areas.
In the Footsteps of Ancient Civilizations
An interesting fact about the Atacama Desert is that, despite its harsh conditions, ancient civilizations left their mark here. Archaeologists have discovered mummies over 7,000 years old—older than those in Egypt. The desert's original inhabitants likely developed sophisticated methods for obtaining water and built a network of trade routes. To this day, we can admire their rock art and the remains of prehistoric settlements.
Natural Wonders That Take Your Breath Away
San Pedro de Atacama is a great base for exploring the most significant tourist attractions of the Atacama Desert. The Moon Valley (Valle de la Luna) amazes visitors with its sand dunes and rock formations, which play with shades of red and gold at sunset. El Tatio, the highest-altitude geyser field in the world, offers a stunning view every morning before sunrise as hot springs shoot into the freezing air. Laguna Chaxa in the Los Flamencos National Reserve provides an unforgettable view of pink flamingos feeding on tiny crustaceans in the salt lakes.
Life in Extreme Conditions
Despite the harsh conditions, organisms have developed in the Atacama Desert that are truly admirable. Lichens, cacti, and small succulents survive thanks to the moisture from the morning fog. During the rare rainy periods, the desert awakens to surprisingly colorful life—this phenomenon, known as the flowering desert,
transforms the arid landscape into a carpet of purple, yellow, and white flowers.
A Practical Visitor's Guide
If you're planning to visit the Atacama Desert, be well-prepared—the conditions here require you to think of everything. The town of San Pedro de Atacama serves as the starting point for exploring this region, and you can get there by flying from Santiago, Chile to Calama, followed by ground transportation. Be ready for extreme temperature fluctuations. While the thermometer can reach over 40°C (104°F) during the day, temperatures drop to freezing at night.
On the first day, focus on acclimatizing—San Pedro is located at an altitude of 2,400 meters (7,870 feet). Start slowly with a tour of the town and its surrounding area. Plan trips to the El Tatio geysers (4,300 meters or 14,110 feet above sea level) for the second or third day of your stay. Most attractions require early morning wake-ups—the geysers are most active at dawn, astronomical observations take place at night, and the desert formations offer the best photographic opportunities at sunrise and sunset.
What to Pack?
- layered clothing: from thermal underwear to a winter jacket
- high-quality sunglasses with UV protection
- a hat and high-SPF sunscreen
- sturdy footwear for desert terrain
- a water bottle (at least 3 liters per day)
- medications for altitude sickness (above 3,000 meters / 9,840 feet)
Towards the Parched Beauty
The Atacama Desert is not just a barren wasteland&mash;it is a living museum of geological history, an open-air astronomical observatory, and home to unique ecosystems. It offers experiences you won't find anywhere else in the world, from watching geysers to observing the Milky Way in all its glory. This desert proves that extraordinary beauty lies hidden even in the most extreme conditions.
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